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Rachel's Tomb
Rachel's Tomb ((ヘブライ語:קבר רחל) translit. ''Kever Rakhel''), ((アラビア語:قبر راحيل)),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jerusalem post )〕 is the site revered as the burial place of the Hebrew matriarch Rachel. The tomb, located at the northern entrance of Bethlehem, is considered holy to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Since the 1990s the site has been referred to by Muslims as the Bilal bin Rabah mosque ((アラビア語:مسجد بلال بن رباح)).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Israel clashes with UNESCO in row over holy sites )〕 The burial place of the matriarch Rachel as mentioned in the Jewish Tanach and Christian Old Testament, and in Muslim literature is contested between this site and several others to the north — though this site is by far the most recognized candidate.〔Frederick M. Strickert,''Rachel Weeping: Jews, Christians, and Muslims at the Fortress Tomb,'' Liturgical Press, 2007 pp.68ff.〕 The earliest extra-biblical records describing this tomb as Rachel's burial place date to the first decades of the 4th century CE. The structure in its current form dates from the Ottoman period, and there is an Ottoman-period cemetery near the site. When Sir Moses Montefiore renovated the site in 1841 and gave the keys to the Jewish community, he also added an antechamber including a ''mihrab'' for Muslim prayer to as conciliation.〔〔 "In 1841 Montefiore obtained for the Jews the key of the Tomb, and to conciliate Moslem susceptibility, added a square vestibule with a mihrab as a place of prayer for Moslems."〕 According to the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, the tomb was to be part of the internationally administered zone of Jerusalem, but the area was occupied by The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, which prohibited Jews from entering the area. Though not initially falling within Area C, the site has come under the control of the Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs.〔Michael Dumper, ''The Politics of Sacred Space: The Old City of Jerusalem in the Middle East Conflict,'' Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002p.147.〕
Rachel's tomb is the third holiest site in Judaism.〔(Israel yearbook on human rights, Volume 36 ), Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, 2006. pg. 324〕
Jews have made pilgrimage to the tomb since ancient times, and it has become one of the cornerstones of Jewish-Israeli identity.〔Meron Benvenisti, ''Son of the Cypresses: Memories, Reflections, and Regrets from a Political Life,''University of California Press, 2007 p.45.〕
On October 21, 2015, it was reported that UNESCO had adopted a controversial resolution that said that Rachel's Tomb was: "an integral part of Palestine."〔http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.681663〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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